Weathering characteristics of timber benches, waymarkers, bollards, and more

timber signage and furniture

Written by Made by Landmark - 21 Oct 2024

Timber has long been a popular choice for public outdoor projects due to its natural beauty, versatility, and sustainability. From timber benches in parks to wayfinding signage along walking trails, timber plays an essential role in enhancing outdoor areas. 

Understanding the weathering characteristics of timber is particularly important for landscape architects, contractors, councils, and trusts. Knowledge of how timber reacts to the elements over time can significantly influence durability, aesthetics, and maintenance requirements. This understanding not only informs the choice of materials but also helps project stakeholders make informed decisions that balance functionality with visual appeal.

What is timber weathering?

Timber weathering refers to the natural changes that occur to wood exposed to outdoor elements, such as sunlight, rain, and temperature fluctuations. These changes include fading, splitting, and colour alterations, which happen gradually over time.

Key factors contributing to timber weathering include:

  • Sunlight (UV rays): UV exposure from sunlight is a significant factor in timber weathering. Over time, UV rays penetrate the wood, causing its initial colour to fade. This fading can give timber a rustic appearance, which many find appealing, enhancing the aesthetic value of installations like benches and waymarkers.
  • Rain: Moisture from rain can cause timber to swell and shrink, leading to potential splits. While this moisture can be damaging, it can also enrich the wood’s texture, adding character to its look.
  • Temperature changes: Fluctuations in temperature put stress on timber, resulting in warping or cracking. Cold temperatures can lead to ice formation within the wood, while extreme heat can cause rapid drying, both of which can compromise the wood’s integrity.
  • Wind and pollutants: Wind carries dust and pollutants that settle on timber, potentially leading to surface abrasion. Pollutants such as acid rain can accelerate weathering, affecting both colour and durability.

Understanding these weathering characteristics is vital for outdoor projects, as they directly affect the look and longevity of installations. Weathering can be slowed by allowing timber products to weather naturally for three months after installation. This period allows the tannins to exit the timber, after which it can be sanded and treated with products such as Osmo UV Protection Oil for added durability and protection from further weathering.

While most clients prefer to let timber weather naturally due to limited resources for ongoing treatment, it’s good to give them the option of applying a protective treatment to maintain the wood’s appearance and extend its lifespan

key factors contributing to timber weathering

Natural characteristics of timber weathering

During the weathering process, timber experiences various changes that can impact its visual appeal and structural integrity. Common transformations include:

  • Fading: The original colour of the timber diminishes over time due to UV exposure, resulting in a soft, silver-grey hue that can enhance the rustic charm of street furniture.
  • Splitting: Timber may develop small cracks as it dries and shrinks, particularly if exposed to moisture. These splits can add character to the timber but may also compromise its strength if not monitored.
  • Colour changes: The natural pigments in timber can change, contributing to a more mature appearance. Some timber varieties develop a rich patina that adds depth and beauty.

Weathered timber often blends harmoniously into natural settings, making it an attractive choice for outdoor installations. Compared to materials like plastic or metal, timber provides a unique ability to create a warm, inviting atmosphere that complements its surroundings.

Impact on different public spaces

The impact of timber weathering varies across different types of public spaces. Here’s how it affects functionality and aesthetics in various installations:

1. Public outdoor spaces

In public parks and recreational areas, timber benches, seats and interpretation panels are commonly found. Weathering enhances these installations by creating a cohesive outdoor aesthetic. Over time, the fading and natural ageing of timber can reduce maintenance needs, allowing these elements to harmonise with the surrounding environment. 

Weathered timber evokes a sense of nostalgia and comfort, making public spaces more inviting for visitors. Additionally, the durability of weathered timber means less frequent replacements, ultimately benefiting budget-conscious councils and trusts.

2. Housing developments

Recreational and communal areas in housing developments, including timber benches, picnic tables, bollards, and decking, benefit from the natural weathering process. The rustic appearance of weathered timber integrates beautifully with gardens and green spaces, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal. 

Furthermore, allowing timber to weather naturally reduces maintenance efforts, making it an appealing option for residents and property management seeking durable yet attractive materials. 

 

3. University/hospital campuses

On university and hospital campuses, public installations such as benches, planters, and information panels are essential for creating welcoming spaces. The natural ageing of timber fosters a warm atmosphere that encourages gathering and relaxation. This approach is especially beneficial in high-traffic areas where people seek comfort and information, making weathered timber a wise choice for these environments. 

 

Additionally, the organic nature of timber can promote a calming effect in stressful settings like hospitals, contributing to a more pleasant experience for visitors and patients alike.

4. Town wayfinding

Timber plays a significant role in wayfinding systems, providing direction markers and information boards throughout towns. The weathering of timber impacts the visibility and legibility of signage, particularly in busy areas. Weathered timber complements the historic character of many towns, enhancing the overall visual narrative of the location. 

This approach supports the aesthetic of heritage or rustic-themed areas, aligning with the community’s identity. Furthermore, using weathered timber can create a stronger sense of place, helping residents and visitors connect more deeply with their surroundings.

Conclusion

Weathering is a natural process that can enhance the look of timber installations when embraced thoughtfully. The choice to allow timber to weather naturally or to maintain its original appearance should be based on project goals, aesthetics, and available resources. 

Understanding timber weathering characteristics is crucial for landscape architects and contractors seeking to create beautiful and functional outside spaces. With careful consideration, weathered timber can serve as a compelling choice that enriches public spaces while ensuring sustainability.

For expert advice on the best timber options for your projects, please contact Made by Landmark. Embrace the beauty of weathered timber and elevate your outdoor designs!

Written by Made by Landmark - 21 Oct 2024

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